°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡û »ò ¡ú ¿É¿ìËÙÉÏÏ·ҳ£¬°´¼üÅÌÉ쵀 Enter ¼ü¿É»Øµ½±¾ÊéĿ¼ҳ£¬°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡ü ¿É»Øµ½±¾Ò³¶¥²¿£¡
¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ªÎ´ÔĶÁÍꣿ¼ÓÈëÊéÇ©ÒѱãÏ´μÌÐøÔĶÁ£¡
the¡¡other¡¡presents¡¡carried¡¡on¡¡camels¡¡and¡¡mules£»¡¡Head¡¡Illuminator¡¡Black¡¡Memi¡¡
and¡¡we¡¡three¡¡young¡¡masters¡¡went¡¡to¡¡see¡¡the¡¡book¡¡before¡¡it¡¡was¡¡locked¡¡up¡¡in¡¡
the¡¡¡¡Treasury¡£¡¡¡¡Just¡¡¡¡like¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡Istanbulites¡¡¡¡who¡¡¡¡would¡¡¡¡rush¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡see¡¡¡¡an¡¡¡¡elephant¡¡
brought¡¡¡¡from¡¡¡¡Hindustan¡¡¡¡or¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡giraffe¡¡¡¡from¡¡¡¡Africa£»¡¡¡¡we¡¡¡¡hurried¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡palace¡¡
where¡¡I¡¡learned¡¡from¡¡Master¡¡Black¡¡Memi¡¡that¡¡the¡¡great¡¡Master¡¡Bihzad£»¡¡who¡¯d¡¡
left¡¡¡¡Herat¡¡¡¡for¡¡¡¡Tabriz¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡his¡¡¡¡old¡¡¡¡age£»¡¡¡¡hadn¡¯t¡¡¡¡contributed¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡this¡¡¡¡book¡¡¡¡because¡¡
he¡¯d¡¡gone¡¡blind¡£¡¡
For¡¡Ottoman¡¡miniaturists¡¡like¡¡us¡¡who¡¡were¡¡astonished¡¡by¡¡ordinary¡¡books¡¡
with¡¡¡¡¡¡seven¡¡¡¡¡¡or¡¡¡¡¡¡eight¡¡¡¡¡¡illustrations£»¡¡¡¡¡¡looking¡¡¡¡¡¡through¡¡¡¡¡¡this¡¡¡¡¡¡volume£»¡¡¡¡¡¡which¡¡
contained¡¡250¡¡large¡¡illustrations£»¡¡was¡¡like¡¡roaming¡¡through¡¡an¡¡exquisite¡¡palace¡¡
while¡¡its¡¡inhabitants¡¡slept¡£¡¡We¡¡stared¡¡at¡¡the¡¡incredibly¡¡rich¡¡pages¡¡with¡¡a¡¡quiet¡¡
pious¡¡¡¡reverence¡¡¡¡as¡¡¡¡if¡¡¡¡beholding¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡Gardens¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡Paradise¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡had¡¡¡¡appeared¡¡
miraculously¡¡for¡¡a¡¡fleeting¡¡moment¡£¡¡And¡¡for¡¡the¡¡following¡¡twenty¡five¡¡years¡¡we¡¡
discussed¡¡this¡¡book¡¡which¡¡remained¡¡locked¡¡in¡¡the¡¡Treasury¡£¡¡
I¡¡silently¡¡opened¡¡the¡¡thick¡¡cover¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Book¡¡of¡¡Kings¡¡as¡¡if¡¡opening¡¡a¡¡huge¡¡
palace¡¡door¡£¡¡As¡¡I¡¡turned¡¡the¡¡pages£»¡¡each¡¡of¡¡which¡¡made¡¡a¡¡pleasant¡¡rustle£»¡¡I¡¡was¡¡
overe¡¡by¡¡melancholy¡¡more¡¡than¡¡awe¡£¡¡
¡¡
345¡¡
¡¡
1¡£¡¡¡¡Mindful¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡stories¡¡¡¡suggesting¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡all¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡master¡¡¡¡miniaturists¡¡¡¡of¡¡
Istanbul¡¡had¡¡stolen¡¡images¡¡from¡¡the¡¡pages¡¡of¡¡this¡¡book£»¡¡I¡¡couldn¡¯t¡¡give¡¡my¡¡full¡¡
attention¡¡to¡¡the¡¡pictures¡£¡¡
2¡£¡¡¡¡Thinking¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡I¡¡¡¡might¡¡¡¡chance¡¡¡¡upon¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡hand¡¡¡¡drawn¡¡¡¡by¡¡¡¡Bihzad¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡some¡¡
corner£»¡¡¡¡I¡¡¡¡couldn¡¯t¡¡¡¡devote¡¡¡¡myself¡¡¡¡wholeheartedly¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡masterpieces¡¡¡¡that¡¡
appeared¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡one¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡every¡¡¡¡five¡¡¡¡or¡¡¡¡six¡¡¡¡pictures¡¡¡¡£¨how¡¡¡¡decisively¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡with¡¡¡¡what¡¡
grace¡¡did¡¡Tahmuras¡¡lower¡¡his¡¡mace¡¡upon¡¡the¡¡heads¡¡of¡¡the¡¡demons¡¡and¡¡giants£»¡¡
who¡¡later£»¡¡in¡¡a¡¡time¡¡of¡¡peace£»¡¡would¡¡teach¡¡him¡¡the¡¡alphabet£»¡¡Greek¡¡and¡¡various¡¡
other¡¡languages£¡£©¡£¡¡
3¡£¡¡The¡¡noses¡¡of¡¡horses¡¡and¡¡the¡¡presence¡¡of¡¡Black¡¡and¡¡the¡¡dwarf¡¡prevented¡¡
me¡¡from¡¡surrendering¡¡myself¡¡to¡¡what¡¡I¡¡saw¡£¡¡
¡¡
Naturally£»¡¡I¡¡was¡¡disappointed¡¡to¡¡find¡¡myself¡¡observing¡¡more¡¡with¡¡my¡¡mind¡¡
than¡¡with¡¡my¡¡heart£»¡¡despite¡¡the¡¡great¡¡luck¡¡of¡¡having¡¡Allah£»¡¡in¡¡His¡¡munificence£»¡¡
grant¡¡me¡¡the¡¡chance¡¡to¡¡have¡¡my¡¡fill¡¡of¡¡this¡¡legendary¡¡book¡¡before¡¡the¡¡velvet¡¡
curtain¡¡of¡¡darkness¡¡descended¡¡over¡¡my¡¡eyes¡ªthe¡¡divine¡¡grace¡¡bestowed¡¡upon¡¡
all¡¡¡¡great¡¡¡¡miniaturists¡£¡¡¡¡By¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡time¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡light¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡dawn¡¡¡¡reached¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡Treasury£»¡¡
which¡¡had¡¡gradually¡¡begun¡¡to¡¡resemble¡¡an¡¡icy¡¡tomb£»¡¡I¡¯d¡¡gazed¡¡upon¡¡each¡¡of¡¡
the¡¡259¡¡pictures¡¡in¡¡this¡¡superlative¡¡book¡£¡¡Since¡¡I¡¡looked¡¡with¡¡my¡¡mind£»¡¡allow¡¡
me¡¡¡¡once¡¡¡¡more¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡categorize£»¡¡¡¡as¡¡¡¡if¡¡¡¡I¡¡¡¡were¡¡¡¡an¡¡¡¡Arab¡¡¡¡scholar¡¡¡¡interested¡¡¡¡only¡¡¡¡in¡¡
reasoning£º¡¡
¡¡
1¡£¡¡¡¡Nowhere¡¡¡¡could¡¡¡¡I¡¡¡¡locate¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡horse¡¡¡¡with¡¡¡¡nostrils¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡resembled¡¡¡¡what¡¡¡¡the¡¡
wretched¡¡murderer¡¡had¡¡drawn£º¡¡Not¡¡among¡¡the¡¡variously¡¡colored¡¡horses¡¡that¡¡
R¨¹stem¡¡¡¡encountered¡¡¡¡while¡¡¡¡pursuing¡¡¡¡horse¡¡¡¡thieves¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡Turan£»¡¡¡¡not¡¡¡¡among¡¡
Feridun¡¡¡¡Shah¡¯s¡¡¡¡extraordinary¡¡¡¡horses¡¡¡¡which¡¡¡¡swam¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡Tigris¡¡¡¡after¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡Arab¡¡
Sultan¡¡¡¡had¡¡¡¡denied¡¡¡¡him¡¡¡¡permission¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡do¡¡¡¡so£»¡¡¡¡not¡¡¡¡among¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡gray¡¡¡¡horses¡¡
sorrowfully¡¡watching¡¡Tur¡¯s¡¡treachery¡¡in¡¡beheading¡¡his¡¡younger¡¡brother¡¡Iraj£»¡¡of¡¡
whom¡¡he¡¡was¡¡jealous¡¡because¡¡their¡¡father£»¡¡while¡¡doling¡¡out¡¡his¡¡territory£»¡¡gave¡¡
the¡¡¡¡best¡¡¡¡country£»¡¡¡¡Persia£»¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡far¡¡¡¡away¡¡¡¡China¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡Iraj£»¡¡¡¡while¡¡¡¡leaving¡¡¡¡only¡¡¡¡the¡¡
western¡¡lands¡¡to¡¡Tur£»¡¡not¡¡among¡¡the¡¡horses¡¡of¡¡the¡¡heroic¡¡armies¡¡of¡¡Alexander¡¡
that¡¡included¡¡Khazars£»¡¡Egyptians£»¡¡Berbers¡¡and¡¡Arabs£»¡¡all¡¡equipped¡¡with¡¡armor£»¡¡
iron¡¡¡¡shields£»¡¡¡¡indestructible¡¡¡¡swords¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡glimmering¡¡¡¡helmets£»¡¡¡¡not¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡fabled¡¡
horse¡¡that¡¡killed¡¡Shah¡¡Yazdgird¡ªwhose¡¡nose¡¡bled¡¡perpetually¡¡as¡¡a¡¡result¡¡of¡¡the¡¡
divine¡¡punishment¡¡for¡¡rebelling¡¡against¡¡God¡¯s¡¡fate¡ªby¡¡trampling¡¡him¡¡on¡¡the¡¡
shores¡¡of¡¡the¡¡green¡¡lake¡¡whose¡¡restorative¡¡waters¡¡eased¡¡his¡¡affliction£»¡¡and¡¡not¡¡
among¡¡the¡¡hundreds¡¡of¡¡mythical¡¡and¡¡perfect¡¡horses¡¡all¡¡drawn¡¡by¡¡six¡¡or¡¡seven¡¡
346¡¡
¡¡
miniaturists¡£¡¡¡¡Yet£»¡¡¡¡there¡¡¡¡was¡¡¡¡still¡¡¡¡more¡¡¡¡than¡¡¡¡one¡¡¡¡entire¡¡¡¡day¡¡¡¡ahead¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡me¡¡¡¡in¡¡
which¡¡to¡¡examine¡¡the¡¡other¡¡books¡¡in¡¡the¡¡Treasury¡£¡¡
¡¡
2¡£¡¡There¡¯s¡¡a¡¡claim¡¡that¡¡has¡¡been¡¡a¡¡persistent¡¡topic¡¡of¡¡gossip¡¡among¡¡master¡¡
illuminators¡¡for¡¡the¡¡last¡¡twenty¡five¡¡years£º¡¡With¡¡the¡¡express¡¡permission¡¡of¡¡the¡¡
Sultan£»¡¡¡¡an¡¡¡¡illustrator¡¡¡¡entered¡¡¡¡this¡¡¡¡forbidden¡¡¡¡Treasury£»¡¡¡¡found¡¡¡¡this¡¡¡¡spectacular¡¡
book£»¡¡opened¡¡it¡¡and¡¡by¡¡candlelight¡¡copied¡¡into¡¡his¡¡sketchbook¡¡examples¡¡of¡¡a¡¡
number¡¡of¡¡exquisite¡¡horses£»¡¡trees£»¡¡clouds£»¡¡flowers£»¡¡birds£»¡¡gardens¡¡and¡¡scenes¡¡of¡¡
war¡¡and¡¡love¡¡for¡¡later¡¡use¡¡in¡¡his¡¡work¡Whenever¡¡an¡¡artist¡¡created¡¡an¡¡amazing¡¡
and¡¡¡¡exceptional¡¡¡¡piece£»¡¡¡¡jealousy¡¡¡¡prompted¡¡¡¡such¡¡¡¡gossip¡¡¡¡from¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡others£»¡¡¡¡who¡¡
sought¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡belittle¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡picture¡¡¡¡as¡¡¡¡nothing¡¡¡¡but¡¡¡¡Persian¡¡¡¡work¡¡¡¡from¡¡¡¡Tabriz¡£¡¡¡¡Back¡¡
then£»¡¡¡¡Tabriz¡¡¡¡was¡¡¡¡not¡¡¡¡Ottoman¡¡¡¡territory¡£¡¡¡¡When¡¡¡¡such¡¡¡¡slander¡¡¡¡was¡¡¡¡directed¡¡¡¡at¡¡
me£»¡¡¡¡I¡¡¡¡felt¡¡¡¡justifiably¡¡¡¡angry£»¡¡¡¡yet¡¡¡¡secretly¡¡¡¡proud£»¡¡¡¡but¡¡¡¡when¡¡¡¡I¡¡¡¡heard¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡same¡¡
accusation¡¡¡¡about¡¡¡¡others£»¡¡¡¡I¡¡¡¡believed¡¡¡¡it¡£¡¡¡¡Now£»¡¡¡¡I¡¡¡¡sadly¡¡¡¡realized¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡some¡¡
strange¡¡¡¡way¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡four¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡us¡¡¡¡miniaturists¡¡¡¡who¡¯d¡¡¡¡looked¡¡¡¡at¡¡¡¡this¡¡¡¡book¡¡¡¡once¡¡
twenty¡five¡¡years¡¡ago¡¡ingrained¡¡its¡¡images¡¡into¡¡our¡¡memories£»¡¡and¡¡since¡¡then£»¡¡
we¡¯ve¡¡recalled£»¡¡transformed£»¡¡altered¡¡and¡¡painted¡¡them¡¡into¡¡the¡¡books¡¡of¡¡Our¡¡
Sultan¡£¡¡¡¡My¡¡¡¡spirits¡¡¡¡were¡¡¡¡dampened¡¡¡¡not¡¡¡¡by¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡mercilessness¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡overly¡¡
suspicious¡¡sultans¡¡who¡¡wouldn¡¯t¡¡take¡¡such¡¡books¡¡out¡¡of¡¡their¡¡treasuries¡¡and¡¡
show¡¡¡¡them¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡us£»¡¡¡¡but¡¡¡¡by¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡narrowness¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡our¡¡¡¡own¡¡¡¡world¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡painting¡£¡¡
Whether¡¡it¡¡be¡¡the¡¡great¡¡masters¡¡of¡¡Herat¡¡or¡¡the¡¡new¡¡masters¡¡of¡¡Tabriz£»¡¡Persian¡¡
artists¡¡had¡¡made¡¡more¡¡extraordinary¡¡illustrations£»¡¡more¡¡masterpieces£»¡¡than¡¡we¡¡
Ottomans¡£¡¡
¡¡
Like¡¡a¡¡lightning¡¡flash£»¡¡it¡¡occurred¡¡to¡¡me¡¡how¡¡appropriate¡¡it¡¯d¡¡be¡¡if¡¡two¡¡days¡¡
hence¡¡¡¡all¡¡¡¡my¡¡¡¡miniaturists¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡I¡¡¡¡were¡¡¡¡put¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡torture£»¡¡¡¡using¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡point¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡my¡¡
penknife¡¡¡¡I¡¡¡¡ruthlessly¡¡¡¡scraped¡¡¡¡away¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡eyes¡¡¡¡beneath¡¡¡¡my¡¡¡¡hand¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡picture¡¡
that¡¡lay¡¡open¡¡before¡¡me¡£¡¡It¡¡was¡¡the¡¡account¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Persian¡¡scholar¡¡who¡¡learned¡¡
chess¡¡¡¡simply¡¡¡¡by¡¡¡¡looking¡¡¡¡at¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡chess¡¡¡¡set¡¡¡¡brought¡¡¡¡by¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡ambassador¡¡¡¡from¡¡
Hindustan£»¡¡before¡¡defeating¡¡the¡¡Hindu¡¡master¡¡at¡¡his¡¡own¡¡game£¡¡¡A¡¡Persian¡¡lie£¡¡¡
One¡¡by¡¡one£»¡¡I¡¡scraped¡¡away¡¡the¡¡eyes¡¡of¡¡the¡¡chess¡¡players¡¡and¡¡of¡¡the¡¡shah¡¡and¡¡
his¡¡¡¡men¡¡¡¡who¡¡¡¡were¡¡¡¡watching¡¡¡¡them¡£¡¡¡¡Flipping¡¡¡¡back¡¡¡¡through¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡pages£»¡¡¡¡I¡¡¡¡also¡¡
pitilessly¡¡¡¡gouged¡¡¡¡out¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡eyes¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡shahs¡¡¡¡who¡¡¡¡battled¡¡¡¡mercilessly£»¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡the¡¡
soldiers¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡imposing¡¡¡¡armies¡¡¡¡bedecked¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡magnificent¡¡¡¡armor¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡severed¡¡
heads¡¡¡¡lying¡¡¡¡on¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡ground¡£¡¡¡¡After¡¡¡¡doing¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡same¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡three¡¡¡¡pages£»¡¡¡¡I¡¡¡¡slid¡¡¡¡my¡¡
penknife¡¡back¡¡into¡¡my¡¡sash¡£¡¡
My¡¡hands¡¡trembled£»¡¡but¡¡I¡¡didn¡¯t¡¡feel¡¡so¡¡bad¡£¡¡Did¡¡I¡¡now¡¡feel¡¡what¡¡so¡¡many¡¡
lunatics¡¡¡¡felt¡¡¡¡after¡¡¡¡mitting¡¡¡¡this¡¡¡¡strange¡¡¡¡act¡¡¡¡whose¡¡¡¡results¡¡¡¡I¡¡¡¡encountered¡¡
347¡¡
¡¡
frequently¡¡¡¡during¡¡¡¡my¡¡¡¡fifty¡year¡¡¡¡tenure¡¡¡¡as¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡painter£¿¡¡¡¡I¡¡¡¡wanted¡¡¡¡nothing¡¡¡¡more¡¡
than¡¡blood¡¡to¡¡flow¡¡onto¡¡the¡¡pages¡¡of¡¡this¡¡book¡¡from¡¡the¡¡eyes¡¡I¡¡had¡¡blinded¡£¡¡
¡¡
3¡£¡¡This¡¡brings¡¡me¡¡to¡¡the¡¡torment¡¡and¡¡consolation¡¡awaiting¡¡me¡¡at¡¡the¡¡end¡¡of¡¡
my¡¡life¡£¡¡No¡¡part¡¡of¡¡this¡¡excellent¡¡book£»¡¡which¡¡Shah¡¡Tahmasp¡¡had¡¡pleted¡¡by¡¡
spurring¡¡¡¡Persia¡¯s¡¡¡¡most¡¡¡¡masterful¡¡¡¡artists¡¡¡¡for¡¡¡¡ten¡¡¡¡years£»¡¡¡¡had¡¡¡¡seen¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡touch¡¡¡¡of¡¡
the¡¡great¡¡Bihzad¡¯s¡¡pen£»¡¡and¡¡his¡¡excellent¡¡rendering¡¡of¡¡hands¡¡was¡¡nowhere¡¡to¡¡be¡¡
found¡£¡¡This¡¡fact¡¡confirmed¡¡that¡¡Bihzad¡¡was¡¡blind¡¡in¡¡the¡¡last¡¡years¡¡of¡¡his¡¡life£»¡¡
when¡¡he¡¡fled¡¡from¡¡Herat¡ªthen¡¡a¡¡city¡¡out¡¡of¡¡favor¡ªto¡¡Tabriz¡£¡¡So£»¡¡I¡¡once¡¡again¡¡
decided¡¡¡¡happily¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡after¡¡¡¡he¡¡¡¡attained¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡perfection¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡old¡¡¡¡masters¡¡¡¡by¡¡
working¡¡his¡¡entire¡¡life£»¡¡the¡¡great¡¡master¡¡blinded¡¡himself¡¡to¡¡avoid¡¡tainting¡¡his¡¡
painting¡¡with¡¡the¡¡desires¡¡of¡¡any¡¡other¡¡workshop¡¡or¡¡shah¡£¡¡
¡¡
Just¡¡then£»¡¡Black¡¡and¡¡the¡¡dwarf¡¡opened¡¡a¡¡thick¡¡volume¡¡they¡¡were¡¡carrying¡¡
and¡¡placed¡¡it¡¡before¡¡me¡£¡¡
¡°No£»¡¡this¡¡isn¡¯t¡¡it£»¡±¡¡I¡¡said¡¡without¡¡being¡¡contrary¡£¡¡¡°This¡¡is¡¡a¡¡Mongol¡¡Book¡¡of¡¡
Kings£º¡¡The¡¡iron¡¡horses¡¡of¡¡Alexander¡¯s¡¡iron¡¡cavalry¡¡were¡¡filled¡¡with¡¡naphtha¡¡and¡¡
set¡¡aflame¡¡like¡¡lamps£»¡¡before¡¡being¡¡set¡¡against¡¡the¡¡enemy¡¡with¡¡flames¡¡shooting¡¡
from¡¡their¡¡nostrils¡£¡±¡¡
We¡¡stared¡¡at¡¡the¡¡flaming¡¡army¡¡of¡¡iron¡¡copied¡¡from¡¡Chinese¡¡paintings¡£¡¡
¡°Jezmi¡¡Agha£»¡±¡¡I¡¡said£»¡¡¡°we¡¡later¡¡depicted¡¡in¡¡the¡¡Chronicle¡¡of¡¡Sultan¡¡Selim¡¡the¡¡
gifts¡¡that¡¡Shah¡¡Tahmasp¡¯s¡¡Persian