按键盘上方向键 ← 或 → 可快速上下翻页，按键盘上的 Enter 键可回到本书目录页，按键盘上方向键 ↑ 可回到本页顶部！
————未阅读完？加入书签已便下次继续阅读！
NARRATOR： The American people voted for change； and Reagan became president。
旁白：美国人投了变革的票，里根当选为总统。
MILTON FRIEDMAN： The situation was this： The only way you could get the inflation down was by having monetary contraction。 There was no way you could do that without having a temporary recession。
弗里德曼：形势是这样的：降低通货膨胀率的唯一方法是收紧银根，而这必然引起暂时的衰退。
GEE SHULTZ： Obviously； who wants a recession？ But I can remember President Reagan using those famous words： "；If not now； when？ If not us； who？"；
GEE SHULTZ：很明显，谁希望经济衰退？但我记得里根总统那句著名的话：“如果不是现在，那是什么时候？如果不是我们，那是谁？”
NARRATOR： Reagan offered Volcker his moral support in the fight against inflation。 As Volcker tightened the money supply； the economy slowed and contracted。 Unemployment hit 10 percent。 Nobody had realized quite how tough it would be。
旁白：在与通货膨胀的斗争中里根为Volcker提供了道义上的支持。随着Volcker减少货币供给，经济开始减速和紧缩。失业率达到了10％。没有人意识到这将是多么困难的一件事。
All across the heartland of America； ordinary people were hurting。
整个美国的普通人都受到损害。
DARREN SMITH； Farmer： Well； the interest rates； that just eats up your profit。 It bees very difficult to keep your business running right。 Nineteen eighties； the interest rates were up to 20 percent or better。 It was very interesting times。 I remember； you know； cash flows got very tight as things got tighter and tougher。 Creditors forced sales you know； "；e up with the cash or we're going to have to liquidate you。"； It's a hole that almost seems impossible that you can get out of。
DARREN SMITH，农场主：噢，利率，吞噬了你的利润。保持企业正常运转变得非常困难。利率达到20％或者更高。这是一个非常有趣的时代。我记得，你知道，随着生意变得越来越无利可图和困难，现金流也越来越紧。债权人在施加压力－你知道，“拿出钱来，否则我们就清算你。”这看起来几乎是一个你不可能摆脱的困境。
PAUL VOLCKER： If you had told me in August of 1979 that interest rates； the prime rate would get to ； I probably would have crawled into a hole。 I would have crawled into a hole and cried； I suppose。 But then we lived through it。 （laughs）
PAUL VOLCKER：如果你在1979年8月告诉我利率，基本利率将达到，那么我可能已经陷入了困境。我想，我本应该已经陷入困境，在那里哭泣的。但是那时我们挺过来了。（笑）
NARRATOR： It had taken three years three years of growing public anger； three years of real hardship for millions of Americans。 But by 1982； the dragon of inflation had been slain。
旁白：这持续了三年－这三年是公众的愤怒情绪不断增强的时期，也是对数百万美国人来说真正困难的时期。但是到1982年的时候，通货膨胀这条恶龙已经被消灭了。
PAUL VOLCKER： What changed drastically in the 1980s and running through today is the kind of presumption that inflation is bad。 The primary job of a central bank is to prevent inflation。 That's a very different environment than the '50s and '60s。
PAUL VOLCKER：“通货膨胀是糟糕的事情"；这个假定是经过八十年代的激烈变化确立的，并且一直使用到今天。中央银行的基本职责就是防止发生通货膨胀。这 与五十年代和六十年代的情况完全不同。
ANNOUNCER： Ladies and gentlemen； the president of the United States。
广播员：女士们、先生们，美国总统。
NARRATOR： Reagan and Volcker had set the United States on a new economic course。
旁白：里根和Volcker根据全新的经济路线改变了美国。
RONALD REAGAN： From our very first day； we have been working to undo the economic wreckage they left behind。
里根：从第一天开始，我们就在为解放他们留下的经济桎梏而工作。
NARRATOR： They called his policy Reaganomics。 It had four key elements。
旁白：他们把他的政策称之为里根经济政策，它包括四个关键要素。
LARRY LINDSEY： The first was the concept of sound money。 The second was deregulation。 The third was modest tax rates。 And the fourth was limited government spending。 Sounds pretty conventional now； but when Reagan was elected； he was vilified by his opponents as being some radical extremist。
LARRY LINDSEY：第一个是健全通货的概念；第二个是取消管制；第三个是合适的税率；第四个是限制政府支出。这些在现在看来是非常普通的，但当年里根却被他的对手辱骂为极端激进分子。
RONALD REAGAN： They just can't accept that their discredited policies of tax and tax； spend and spend； are at the root of our current problems。
里根：他们只是不能接受他们丧失了信用的税收和开支政策恰恰是通货问题的根源。
NARRATOR： Reagan's tax cuts； the biggest in history； led to huge deficits。 But the economy started to grow steadily again。
旁白：里根实行的历史上最大规模的减税导致了巨额财政赤字，但是经济开始再次稳步增长。
MILTON FRIEDMAN： There's no doubt in my mind that those actions of Reagan； lowering tax rates； plus his emphasis on deregulating unleashed the basic constructive forces of the free market； and from 1983 on； it's been almost entirely up。
弗里德曼：我毫不怀疑里根的那些措施－减税，再加上他强调取消管制，让自由市场基本的建设性力量发挥作用，所以从1983年至今，经济几乎一直在增长。
Chapter 17： War in the South Atlantic ＇1：41＇
第十七章：南大西洋上的战争
Onscreen title： Atlantic Ocean； 1982
字幕：大西洋，1982年
NARRATOR： Far away in the South Atlantic； a British expeditionary force was at sea。 Argentina had seized the Falkland Islands from Britain。 Margaret Thatcher risked a war to make the islands British once again。
旁白：一支英国远征军正在南大西洋上航行。阿根廷已经从英国手中夺取了福克兰群岛，而玛格丽特。撒切尔冒着打仗的风险也要把福克兰群岛夺回来。
Before the war her popularity was at rock bottom。 Victory in the Falklands ensured the survival of Margaret Thatcher's government。
战争之前，她的声望已经跌至谷底，但是福克兰群岛的胜利使得玛格丽特？撒切尔的政府避免了垮台的厄运。
CHARLES POWELL； Thatcher's Foreign Affairs Advisor； 19831991： The Falklands saved her。 The Falklands gave her a new lease on life to implement the policies on which she had embarked which were not yet producing results。 In effect； she gambled all on the Falklands； and she won decisively。 And that of course not only greatly bolstered her standing within the Tory Party； it bolstered her standing in the country； and it greatly enhanced her reputation internationally。
查尔斯。鲍威尔（CHARLES POWELL），撒切尔的外交事务顾问，1983－1991年：福克兰群岛拯救了她。福克兰群岛使她得以继续实行她那还未产生结果的政策。事实上，她在福克兰群岛问题上孤注一掷，结果她毫无疑问地胜利了。这不但极大支持了她在保守党内部的声望，而且也支持了她在整个国家的声望；另外也提高了她的国际威望。
NARRATOR： The Falklands War set her up politically to fight the final battle for the soul of the British economy。 The impact would be worldwide。
旁白：福克兰群岛战争在政治上为她提供与英国经济核心进行最终决战的武器；这种影响是世界范围的。
Chapter 18： The Heights Go Up for Sale ＇8：08＇
第十八章：出售制高点
NARRATOR： In 1945； Attlee's Labor government had nationalized the manding heights of the economy； bringing core industries into state ownership。 For Thatcherites； these state industries were now the primary target。
旁白：1945年，艾德礼的工党政府将经济的制高点国有化，把核心行业都收归国有。对撒切尔夫人的支持者来说这些国有企业是当前的主要目标。
JOHN REDWOOD； Head of Prime Minister's Policy Unit； 19831985： A whole lot of people who were left of center thought that nationalization was Britain's great gift to the world； and one of my phrases at the time was that having exported the disaster of nationalization to the world； Britain should offer them the antidote； it was the decent thing to do； to say we're very sorry； it didn't work。
JOHN REDWOOD，首相智囊团的首脑，1983－1985年：许多核心任务认为国有化是英国对世界的伟大贡献，那是我的一句惯用语就是那是向世界输出了国有化灾难，英国应该提供改正的方法。我们要做的是大方地说：我们很抱歉，那样是不对的。
MARGARET THATCHER （interviewed in 1993）： So the whole efficiency of nationalized industries was running down。 Why should they be efficient？ They had access to the Treasury purse。
撒切尔夫人（1993年访问）：这样看来国有行业的整体有效性丧失了。为什么它们应该有效率呢？他们可以拿到财政部的钱包。
NARRATOR： Thatcher wanted to end their dependence on government subsidies and submit them to the discipline of the marketplace。
旁白：撒切尔想要结束国有工业对政府补助的依赖，把它们放到市场上去锻炼。
JOHN REDWOOD： The nationalized industries fell to pieces。 They lost huge sums of money； they put the pric