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NEWT GINGRICH:我认为,在西雅图发表的这次演讲绝对是个耻辱,是他的一次战略失败。我认为,他们在为选举做调整,安抚工会,让他们支持戈尔比克林顿支持自由贸易更加重要。
NARRATOR: Clinton instructed American WTO negotiators to keep protections for key
旁白:克林顿指示美国世贸组织谈判人员,让他们尽量保护关键的美国工业部门,这次高峰会以失败而告终,所有发展中国家的领导人都发誓阻挠下一轮贸易谈判的举行,除非他们的要求被认真地考虑。
MAHATHIR BIN MOHAMAD: We believe in trade; but we didn't believe in just being a market for other people。 So when you talk about opening markets; you talk about the rich people who can manufacture goods with added value and sell them in our markets; not the other way round。
马哈蒂尔:我们相信贸易,但是,我们不想让市场仅仅是为其他人服务的市场,因此,当你们讨论开放市场的时候,你们谈论的是那些能制造具有增加值的产品并在我们的市场上销售,而不是另外一种方式。
NARRATOR: Countries like Tanzania that rely on foreign aid claimed they wouldn't need the aid; if they could only sell their products to the West。
旁白:一些象坦桑尼亚那样依赖于国外援助的国家宣布,如果他们能将自己的产品销往西方国家,他们将不再需要援助了。
BENJAMIN MKAPA; President of Tanzania: You see; we talk about a level playing field; but in fact it is very much tilted in their favor。 We would earn so much more than we are possibly getting by bilateral aid if those markets were just open to us; literally by billions。
BENJAMIN MKAPA,坦桑尼亚总统:你们知道,我们在讨论一个水平的竞赛场地,但是实际上场地大大向他们有利的方向倾斜。如果那些市场能向我们开放,那么我们所可能获得的利润要远远超过通过双边援助的数量,可能会超过数十亿。
NARRATOR: Global poverty soon became the galvanizing issue among globalization's opponents。 In the wake of Seattle; control of the protest movement began to shift from unions to a disparate network of grassroots activists。
旁白:全球贫困问题将很快成为反对全球化的重大问题,在西雅图会议之后,对抗议行动的控制开始从工会转向一个完全不同的基层激进分子的网络。
JAGGI SINGH; Activist; Canada: We're trying to move from the politics of protest to the politics of liberation。 It's not simply trying to create a kinder; gentler capitalism。 It's not simply trying to negotiate the terms of our misery; to make our misery less miserable。 It's about changing the world; it's about creating institutions; structures; and frameworks; munities and neighborhoods that are based on our values; which are values of social justice; of mutual aid; of solidarity; of direct democracy。 And we're a long way from where we want to go; but we have to start now。
JAGGI SINGH; 激进分子,加拿大:我们正试图从抗议的政治行动转向解放的政治行动,并不仅仅是要创造一个更善良、更温和的资本主义制度,也并仅仅是要就我们的艰难处境进行谈判以减轻我们的苦难,而是要改变这个世界,要以我们的价值观(社会公正、互相帮助、团结、直接民主)为基础,创造新的制度、结构、框架、社团和社区。我们还有很长的路要走,但是我们必须现在就开始行动。
Onscreen caption: World Bank/IMF meeting
Washington; ; April 2000
字幕:世界银行/国际货币基金组织会议
华盛顿特区,2000年4月
NARRATOR: One of the protestors' next targets was the World Bank; an institution whose sole purpose is to reduce poverty in developing countries。
旁白:一名抗议者的下一个抨击目标是世界银行,一个以在发展中国家消除贫困为唯一宗旨的机构。
JAMES WOLFENSOHN; President; The World Bank: When you see someone outside a barricade attacking you vehemently because of something called globalization; you have to wonder what it is they're getting at。 It enrages me when you have people who assume they have the moral high ground against a team of people here who are devoting their lives to addressing the very questions that these people claim to be addressing。
詹姆斯华盛顿,行长,世界银行:当你看到路障外面有人对你猛烈攻击,原因是一个被称之为全球化的问题,你不得不考虑他们到底是为了什么,当一群人认为他们有坚实的道德立场并用来反对一群毕生致力与解决那些他们宣称要解决的问题的时候,我感到非常愤怒。
NARRATOR: But the protests had bee impossible to ignore。 Inside the World Bank and other institutions; officials struggled to make sense of the growing debate。
旁白:抗议形势已经发展到不可忽略的地步,在世界银行和其它机构内部,官员们也在努力地试图理解这个越来越激烈的辩论。
NEMAT SHAFIK; Vice President; The World Bank: Well; the protest movement is multifaceted; and the anger is multifaceted; but there clearly is a sense of losing control and a sense of alienation。 The old structures and the old institutions and the old lines aren't working anymore; and I think we're at a stage where is this extraordinary chaos in international anizations; in international rules of the game; that we're trying to define; and we're not there yet。 And I think; like in any chaotic situation when you're in the middle of it; you don't see the way out; but I think what we're observing the series of protests; the series of engagements is part of the process of ing towards some new structure for managing a global economy。
NEMAT SHAFIK; 副行长,世界银行:这场抗议运动是多反面的,愤怒也是多方面的,但是,很明显,这里有一种失控和疏远的感觉,旧的结构、体制和阵线已经不再起作用了,而且我认为我们正处在这样一个阶段:国际组织和国际游戏规则充满了混乱,而我们正试图重心对它们加以定义,但目前我们还没能做到这一点。我认为,象处在任何混乱局势之中的时候一样,你看不到出路,但是我想我们所看到的一切——一系列的抗议、一系列的接触——都是通向某种全球经济管理新结构的过程的一部分。
Chapter 18: The Global Divide '2:33'
第十八章: 全球分裂
NARRATOR: Globalization did not cause global poverty; but it did make us more aware of it。 And by creating a single global market; it raised the question of how that market benefits the world's poorest nations。
旁白:全球化并没有导致全球贫困,但是它的确让我们更加意识到贫困的存在。而要创造单一的全球市场则提出了这样一个问题:这个市场如何能使世界上最贫穷的国家受益。
DANIEL YERGIN: We are seeing around the world a movement towards greater reliance on markets; greater confidence in markets。 But for that confidence to last it has to be seen that these markets are fair; that they are delivering the benefits widely; that people are benefiting from them。 And if they don't have that kind of legitimacy; then the confidence is not going to remain; and the markets will be vulnerable to disruption and be replaced by other kinds of controls。 So every day the market has to earn and prove its legitimacy; and that's a big test; particularly in the developing world; where the numberone issue; the central preoccupational concern; is the issue of poverty; and delivering the goods means lifting people out of poverty。 And that more than anything else is what these markets would be judged by。
DANIEL YERGIN:我们正在目睹:这个世界越来越依赖与市场并越来越对市场充满信心。但是,为了让这种信心能持续下去,人们必须看到:这些市场非常公平,获益范围非常广泛,人们普遍都能从中得到好处。如果人们看不到这样的情况,那信心就不会持久,市场将会非常脆弱,容易发生混乱并被其它种类的控制方式所取代。因此,市场每天都必须证明它的合理性。这是一个巨大的考验,尤其实在发展中国家,发展中国家的首要问题、人们最为关切的问题就是贫困问题,输送货物意味着让那里的人们脱离贫困。那么,最重要的问题是:判断这些市场的标准是什么。
JEFFREY SACHS: Professor of Economics; Harvard University: The world is more unequal than at any time in world history。 There's a basic reason for that; which is that 200 years ago everybody was poor。 A relatively small part of the world achieved what the economists call a modern economic growth。 Those countries represent only about onesixth of humanity; and fivesixths of humanity is what we call the developing world。 It's the vast majority of the world。 The gap can be 1001; maybe a gap of 30;000 per person and 300 per person。 And that's absolutely astounding to be on the same planet and to have that extreme variation in material well being。
JEFFREY SACHS经济学教授,哈佛大学:今天的世界比历史上任何时候都不平等。这种现象的背后有一个基本的原因:200年以前,所有的人都很贫穷。相对数目较小的一部分人实现了被经济学家称之为现代经济增长的目标。那些国家世界人口的六分之一,而其余六分之五的人口就是发展中世界。他们占世界人口的绝大部分。他们之间的收入差距可能达到1001,即人均收入30;000 和人均收入 300这样的差距。在同一个星球上居住的人们有如此之大的收入差距物质财富的悬殊实在令人感到吃惊。
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Chapter 19: